Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology is a specialized branch of neurology that focuses on the interaction between the immune system and the nervous system. Disorders in this area occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to a range of neurological problems. Neuroimmunology care involves diagnosing, treating, and managing these complex conditions to preserve neurological health and improve quality of life.

Common Neuroimmunological Disorders

1. Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A chronic condition where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to disability and coordination problems.

2. Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO): A rare autoimmune disorder that affects the spinal cord and optic nerves, causing vision problems and paralysis.

3. Autoimmune Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by the immune system attacking brain tissue, leading to seizures, memory problems, and other cognitive issues.

4. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): A rare disorder where the immune system attacks peripheral nerves, often following an infection, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.

5. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP): A condition where the immune system damages the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, causing weakness and numbness.

Symptoms of Neuroimmunological Disorders

• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Numbness or tingling, especially in the limbs
• Vision problems or blindness
• Difficulty with coordination and balance
• Cognitive changes, including memory loss and confusion
• Fatigue and chronic pain

Treatment Options in Neuroimmunology Care

1. Immunotherapy: Medications that suppress the immune system to prevent further damage, such as corticosteroids or biologics.

2. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis): A treatment used to remove harmful antibodies from the blood, often used in conditions like GBS and severe MS.

3. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): A therapy involving high doses of immune system proteins to help regulate immune responses in conditions like CIDP and MS.

4. Symptom Management: Medications and therapies to manage symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues.

5. Physical and Occupational Therapy: These therapies help improve mobility, strength, and daily functioning in patients with motor and cognitive deficits caused by neuroimmunological disorders.

When to Consult

• Persistent headaches or muscle weakness.
• Unexplained neurological symptoms.
•  Suspected conditions like multiple sclerosis or autoimmune encephalitis.

 Early diagnosis is crucial; book a consultation today!